On what date did the Dow Jones Industrial Average reach its pre-crash record high in 1929?

The Dow Jones Industrial Average reached its pre-crash record high on September 3, 1929.

The index closed at about 381.17 that day, after years of strong economic growth and intense speculation in American shares. The market had risen dramatically during the 1920s, encouraging many investors to buy stocks with borrowed money, a practice known as buying on margin.

The September peak preceded the dramatic autumn sell-off. Heavy declines struck in October, including Black Thursday on October 24 and Black Tuesday on October 29. Although the crash unfolded over several trading sessions, the market did not reach its ultimate low immediately.

The Dow continued falling until July 8, 1932, when it closed at about 41.22. That represented a decline of nearly 89% from the 1929 peak. The crash was a major financial event, but the wider Great Depression also reflected banking failures, reduced demand, falling prices, and international economic problems.