On what date did Napoleon abdicate for the first time?

Napoleon abdicated for the first time on 6 April 1814. His abdication followed the collapse of French resistance during the War of the Sixth Coalition, when Allied armies invaded France and captured Paris.

Napoleon had returned from the disastrous Russian campaign and rebuilt a substantial army, but France was exhausted and increasingly isolated. In early 1814, Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain, and their allies advanced toward Paris. After the capital fell on 31 March, Napoleon’s political support evaporated. His marshals refused to continue the struggle, and he agreed to renounce the throne in favour of his son, Napoleon II, though the Allies did not ultimately accept that arrangement.

The date is often confused with 11 April, when the Treaty of Fontainebleau formally set out the terms of his abdication and exile to Elba. Napoleon later abdicated a second time on 22 June 1815, after his defeat at Waterloo.