On what date did Adolf Hitler become Chancellor of Germany, beginning the Nazi dictatorship?

Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933, beginning the Nazi dictatorship. President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler after political negotiations among conservative politicians and Nazi leaders.

Hitler did not initially hold unlimited power. The Reichstag Fire Decree of February 1933 suspended important civil liberties, while the Enabling Act of March 1933 allowed the cabinet to make laws without parliamentary approval. These measures helped transform Germany into a one-party dictatorship.

A common mistake is to say Hitler became president in January 1933. He became chancellor; he assumed the powers of president only after Hindenburg died in August 1934, then combining the offices as Führer. The appointment also preceded the systematic mass murder associated with the Holocaust, which developed through escalating persecution, deportation, forced labor, and killing.