In which year did Brazil become a republic?

Brazil became a republic in 1889. On November 15 of that year, Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca led a military movement in Rio de Janeiro that ended the Empire of Brazil and removed Emperor Pedro II from power.

The change replaced Brazil's constitutional monarchy with the First Brazilian Republic. Although the event is often called a proclamation, it was effectively a military coup supported by republican politicians and important sectors of the agrarian elite. The imperial government was dissolved with little fighting, although the navy minister, Baron of Ladário, was wounded while resisting arrest.

A common mix-up is to confuse the republic's founding with Brazil's independence. Brazil declared independence from Portugal in 1822, but it remained a monarchy under Pedro I and Pedro II for another 67 years. The republic was formally announced in Rio de Janeiro on November 15, 1889, a date still observed as a national holiday.