The United States began widely associating Cinco de Mayo with Mexican-American culture in the 1960s.
During the 1960s, Mexican-American activists used Cinco de Mayo as an occasion to celebrate Mexican heritage and build community pride. The holiday’s public profile grew through cultural organizations, schools, and community events, especially in areas with large Mexican-American populations.
This U.S. development differs from the holiday’s original historical role in Mexico. In Mexico, May 5 commemorates the Mexican victory at the Battle of Puebla, but it is not the country’s equivalent of Independence Day. In the United States, the date gradually became associated with music, dance, food, festivals, and Mexican-American identity.
Commercial promotion later expanded the holiday’s visibility nationwide. That growth has also prompted criticism when celebrations reduce Mexican culture to stereotypes or focus mainly on alcohol. Authentic events vary considerably by community and often include educational and family activities.