In which country is the Kihansi spray toad endemic?

The Kihansi spray toad is endemic to Tanzania.

Its entire known natural range was an exceptionally small wetland zone at the base of Kihansi Falls in Tanzania’s Udzungwa Mountains, part of the Eastern Arc Mountains. The waterfall’s constant spray created cool, saturated habitat for the toad.

The species is scientifically named Nectophrynoides asperginis and is unusual because it gives birth to live young rather than laying free-living tadpoles. Construction of the Kihansi Dam in 1999 reduced waterfall flow by about 90%, damaging the spray-dependent habitat. Chytrid disease and other pressures contributed to the collapse of the wild population.

It was declared extinct in the wild in 2009, although captive populations survive. Tanzania is therefore the canonical country answer; the toad is not naturally endemic to neighbouring Malawi, Uganda, or Kenya.