In which city was the 1884–1885 Berlin Conference held?

The 1884–1885 Berlin Conference was held in Berlin, Germany.

German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck convened the meeting to establish European rules for trade, navigation and territorial claims in Africa. Fourteen states participated, although no African government was represented at the conference. The negotiations ran from November 1884 to February 1885.

The conference produced the General Act of the Berlin Conference, which included principles such as effective occupation and free navigation on the Congo and Niger rivers. It did not draw every later colonial border directly, but it accelerated European territorial expansion, often called the Scramble for Africa. The conference is therefore remembered both for its diplomatic framework and for its consequences for African sovereignty.