Galileo was tried by the Roman Inquisition in 1633. The proceedings followed the publication of his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which presented the Copernican case for a Sun-centered universe while formally comparing it with the older Earth-centered model.
The controversy had begun earlier. In 1616, Church authorities had condemned heliocentrism and instructed Galileo not to hold, teach, defend, or treat it as established truth. After the Dialogue appeared in 1632, officials concluded that Galileo had violated those restrictions. The Inquisition summoned him to Rome and conducted the trial in 1633.
On 22 June 1633, Galileo was found “vehemently suspect of heresy,” required to abjure his views, and sentenced to imprisonment that was quickly commuted to house arrest. His book was banned, and he remained under restrictions for the rest of his life. The popular phrase “and yet it moves” is often connected with the trial, but historians have found no reliable evidence that Galileo actually said it. The 1633 trial is distinct from the earlier 1616 examination and condemnation.