In “The Winter’s Tale,” Autolycus is the rogue who sings and sells ballads.
Autolycus appears in the play’s Bohemian countryside as a self-described “snapper-up of unconsidered trifles.” He steals from the Clown, tricks the Shepherd and his son, and disguises himself as a peddler selling songs, ballads, ribbons, gloves, and other small goods. His music and patter help create the lively festival atmosphere of the sheepshearing scene.
Although Autolycus is a thief and confidence trickster, he is also one of the play’s chief comic figures. His schemes contrast with the tragic jealousy and court politics surrounding Leontes, Hermione, and Perdita. He eventually helps Prince Florizel and Perdita by providing a disguise and information, though his motives remain largely self-interested.
Autolycus is sometimes confused with characters connected to classical mythology. Shakespeare borrowed the name from the Greek mythological thief who was said to be the son of Hermes. In the play, however, Autolycus is a distinct comic rogue, not a god or heroic figure.