In the human body, which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?

A deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy in humans.

Vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid, is needed for collagen production and several other biochemical processes. Collagen is an important structural protein in skin, blood vessels, bone, cartilage, and connective tissue. Without enough vitamin C, connective tissues become fragile.

Scurvy can cause swollen or bleeding gums, easy bruising, poor wound healing, fatigue, and joint discomfort. Severe untreated deficiency can be life-threatening. Fresh fruits and vegetables are major dietary sources, especially citrus fruits, peppers, and some leafy vegetables.

The disease became notorious among sailors on long voyages when access to fresh produce was limited. In the eighteenth century, James Lind's experiments helped establish citrus fruit as an effective preventive measure for scurvy. Humans cannot synthesize vitamin C internally, so it must be obtained from the diet.