In Robert A. Heinlein’s “Starship Troopers,” the protagonist is Juan “Johnny” Rico.
Rico is a young man of Filipino ancestry who joins the Mobile Infantry of the Terran Federation. The novel follows his progression from recruit to officer during humanity’s war against the Arachnids, commonly called Bugs. His military experiences provide the action, while classroom flashbacks explore citizenship, discipline, civic responsibility, and the moral meaning of war.
Rico begins as the son of a wealthy family that has never served in the military. His decision to enlist therefore marks a break with his upbringing. Training under instructors such as Career Ship Sergeant Zim is harsh, and Rico gradually develops the judgment and leadership expected of an officer. The story is narrated in the first person, keeping the reader close to his changing understanding of service and authority.
Heinlein published Starship Troopers in 1959. Zim is Rico’s instructor, Carmen Ibáñez is a fellow recruit and pilot, and Carl Jenkins is another friend; none is the protagonist. The 1997 film also centers on Johnny Rico, but it substantially changes the novel’s tone and political emphasis.