In Mesopotamian mythology, Pazuzu was the protective demon invoked against the female demon Lamashtu.
Pazuzu was a demon associated with the southwestern wind, a force linked with disease, famine, and dangerous weather. Despite these threatening associations, Mesopotamian ritual practice also treated him as an apotropaic protector—a being whose frightening power could repel other supernatural dangers.
Lamashtu was believed to attack pregnant women, newborns, and mothers, causing miscarriages, illness, or death. Amulets and figurines depicting Pazuzu were therefore worn or placed in homes to defend against her. Some ritual texts specifically describe bronze necklaces or amulets used to protect women from Lamashtu’s interference.
A common modern misunderstanding comes from assuming that a demon must always be purely evil. Pazuzu could be terrifying and dangerous, yet his image was used for protection. He is also frequently confused with Lamashtu herself, or known only through modern popular culture, especially The Exorcist, where his role differs from his ancient protective function.