In Japanese New Year's Eve tradition, Buddhist temple bells are rung 108 times in joya no kane.
The ritual takes place on New Year's Eve, called Ōmisoka in Japan. Temples ring their bells to mark the transition into the new year, with the final ringing traditionally completed around midnight. The number 108 represents the worldly desires or mental afflictions that Buddhism associates with human suffering.
The repeated sound is intended to help people let go of those attachments and begin the year with a clearer mind. Different temples may organize the ringing somewhat differently, and some invite worshippers to participate. The custom is religious in origin but is also a familiar part of Japan's seasonal cultural calendar.
Joya no kane is not the same as a countdown based on the twelve months. The number 108 comes from Buddhist symbolism. Japanese New Year also includes shrine visits, special food, greeting cards, and family observances, making the holiday more than a single midnight event.