In Hesiod’s Works and Days, Zeus ordered Pandora’s creation as part of his punishment of humanity.
The episode follows the conflict between Zeus and Prometheus. Prometheus had deceived Zeus during a sacrifice and later stolen fire for humans, angering the ruler of the gods. Zeus responded by arranging a punishment that would affect mortals rather than only Prometheus himself.
Hesiod describes Zeus instructing Hephaestus to shape Pandora from earth. Other gods then contribute qualities or gifts, including adornment, charm, and persuasive abilities. Hermes gives her a deceptive nature in Hesiod’s account, making the creation a coordinated divine plan rather than the work of one god alone.
The myth is therefore not simply a story about a curious woman opening a container. It is also an origin story explaining why human life includes suffering and labor. The poem places responsibility for the plan with Zeus, even though several gods participate in Pandora’s preparation.