In Greek mythology, what punishment did Zeus impose on Prometheus after his theft of fire?

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In Greek mythology, Zeus punished Prometheus by chaining him to a rock after his theft of fire.

Prometheus was a Titan associated with forethought and cleverness. In the best-known tradition, he stole fire from the gods and gave it to humanity, helping people develop crafts and civilization. Zeus responded by having Prometheus bound to a mountain or rock, where an eagle repeatedly ate his liver. Because Prometheus was immortal, the liver grew back and the torment began again.

This punishment is closely connected with the Pandora story. Zeus ordered the creation of Pandora as an additional punishment for humanity, sending her to Earth with the famous jar. The two myths therefore explain both humanity’s possession of fire and the arrival of suffering.

Later writers and artists often describe Prometheus as chained to Mount Caucasus, although ancient versions vary in the exact location. Heracles eventually freed him in the mythic tradition.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Oct. 2026

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