In George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the ruling political party is called the Party.
The Party controls Oceania through surveillance, propaganda, censorship, and carefully managed language. Its public slogans include “War is Peace,” “Freedom is Slavery,” and “Ignorance is Strength.” The organization is led by the mysterious figure known as Big Brother.
The Party is distinct from the Brotherhood, a supposed resistance organization associated with Emmanuel Goldstein. It is also distinct from the ministries, whose names deliberately contradict their functions: the Ministry of Truth handles propaganda, while the Ministry of Love enforces loyalty through interrogation.
Orwell published Nineteen Eighty-Four in 1949. The novel’s political vocabulary, including “Big Brother,” “doublethink,” and “thoughtcrime,” entered common English usage. A frequent mix-up is treating Big Brother as the formal name of the government; in the novel, Big Brother is the symbolic leader, while the Party is the ruling institution.