How many times was Ernest Hemingway married?

Ernest Hemingway was married four times: to Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gellhorn, and Mary Welsh.

His first marriage, to Hadley Richardson, began in 1921, before the couple moved to Paris. Their life among expatriate writers helped shape Hemingway’s early literary career and the world later associated with the Lost Generation. They divorced in 1927.

Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer in 1927, Martha Gellhorn in 1940, and Mary Welsh in 1946. Each marriage overlapped with a distinct period of his writing life, including his years in Paris, Key West, Spain, Cuba, and Europe during World War II.

A common mix-up is counting important romantic relationships rather than legal marriages. Hemingway had several well-known relationships, including one with Agnes von Kurowsky, but she was never his wife. His four marriages ended through divorce, except for his marriage to Mary, which lasted until his death in 1961.