Canada has two official languages at the federal level: English and French.
This means that Canada’s federal institutions, including Parliament, federal courts, and many government departments, operate in both languages under federal language law. Canadians may have rights to receive federal services in English or French, depending on the institution, location, and applicable demand rules.
Canada adopted its first federal Official Languages Act in 1969, following the work of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, enacted in 1982, strengthened the constitutional position of English and French. The federal act was substantially updated in 1988 and modernized again in the 2020s.
The answer is specifically about the federal level, not every language spoken in Canada or every provincial rule. Canada is home to many Indigenous languages and immigrant languages. Quebec officially uses French, while New Brunswick is constitutionally bilingual; other provinces and territories have their own language policies. Those regional distinctions do not change the federal total: English and French remain Canada’s two official federal languages.