According to Exodus 12, about 600,000 Israelite men on foot, excluding children, left Egypt.
The figure appears in the departure account after Pharaoh finally allows the Israelites to leave. Exodus says that about 600,000 men on foot made the journey, besides children. It also describes a mixed multitude traveling with them, along with large numbers of livestock.
This number is one of the best-known population figures in the Exodus narrative. It counts adult men rather than every person in the community, so readers should not treat it as the total population. Depending on how families and the mixed multitude are interpreted, the implied total would be substantially larger.
The wording is important because translations vary slightly between “about six hundred thousand men” and “six hundred thousand men on foot.” The biblical text presents the number as part of the story’s census-like description, while historians and archaeologists debate how to understand its historical scale.